Avery

bacteriophages

Griffith

DNA

DNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Hershey & Chase

identical

replication

trascription

translation

A

C

G

T

U

A British scientist named 1)______________ (1928) was working with bacteria. He found when he put heat-killed, pneumonia causing (lethal) bacteria with bacteria that did not cause disease (wimpy), the wimpy bacteria were changed into lethal ones. This process is called 2) ________________ . The question arose as to what substance in the dead lethal bacteria caused the change. A man named 3)____________(1944) led a team of scientist to inject cultures of wimpy bacteria with parts of the extract of lethal bacteria. He injected separate wimpy cultures with the DNA broth, Protein broth, Carbohydrate broth, and Lipid broth from the lethal. Only the 4)_______ broth caused transformation of wimpy to lethal. This supported that only 5) ______ is the genetic material. 6) ___________ and 7)___________ (1952) experimented with 8) ____________ and radio-isotopes of phosphorus tagge to DNA and sulfur proteins to conclusively show that only 9) ___________ is the genetic material and not proteins.

DNA 10) ____________________ is the process by which DNA doubles itself. It begins when 11) _________ _____________ unzips the DNA molecule and exposes its bases. Free-floating nucleotides are then pulled in by an enzyme called 12) ________ ____________ as it reads the DNA code. In the end you end up with two molecules of DNA that are 13) _______________. If the DNA exposes A,C,G,T the DNA polymerase reads 14) ____, 15) _____, 16) _____,17) ______.

18) _______________________ is the process by which DNA codes for mRNA. This begins when 19) _________ ____________ unzips the DNA. The RNA polymerase then reads the DNA code and attaches the mRNA nucleotides. If DNA reads A,C,G,T the mRNA will read 20)____, 21)____, 22)_____ , 23)______. The result is a mRNA strand that has the code sequenced by DNA to take it to the ribosomes.

24) ________________________ is the process by which mRNA codons code for tRNA anticodons and proteins. If the codon reads A,C,U the anticodon on the tRNA will read 25) _____ 26) _____ 27)_____. This tRNA carries on its back the amino acid 28)________________(use chart on page 303). This can be bonded with other amino acids to form proteins.