1. Define risk,
probability, and risk assessment. List four general types of common hazards and give
two examples of each. Describe the relationship between health and the American
workplace.
2. Define dose
and response. Distinguish among acute
and chronic exposures. Distinguish among acute and chronic effects. Summarize
three methods used to enhance our understanding of toxicity of chemicals.
3. Define a dose-response curve. Distinguish between a linear dose-response
model and a threshold dose-response model. Describe the difficulty in deciding
which model applies best when low doses are involved. Assess the limits of
toxicological research.
4. List five principal types of chemical
hazards and give two examples of each.
5. Define mutagen,
teratogen, and carcinogen. Summarize current research implying
chemical effects on the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.
6. Distinguish between transmissible and
nontransmissible diseases. Summarize current states of the fights against
tuberculosis, malaria, and infectious bacteria.
7. Summarize steps to improve health in
developing countries.
8. Summarize key questions to be answered in
risk-benefit analysis, risk assessment, and risk management. What are the
useful applications and limits of these analyses?
9. List several cases in which the public
generally perceives that a technology or product has a greater risk than the
risk estimated by experts.
cancer
carcinogens (p. 426)
dose (p. 429)
dose-response curve
epidemiology (p. 420)
hazard
hazardous
chemical
(p. 426)
infectious
disease (p.
419)
LD50
metastasis (p. 426)
mutagens (p. 426)
neurotoxins (p. 426)
nontransmissible
disease
(p. 419)
pathogen
poison (p. 431)
probability (p. 419)
response (p. 430)
risk (p. 419)
risk analysis (p. 433)
risk
assessment
(p. 419)
risk
management
(p. 419)
teratogens (p. 426)
toxic chemical (p. 426)
toxicity (p. 429)
toxicology (p. 429)
toxin (p. 431)
transmissible
(infectious) disease (p. 419)